Metformin Overview | What it is used for and how it works

Dr. Constance Odom, MD

Medically reviewed by

Dr. Constance Odom, MD

Dr. Constance Odom, MD

About

Constance Tambakis Odom, MD graduated in 1987 with her Doctorate of Medicine from the New York Medical College, and was an Anesthesiologist Resident from 1988 to 1991 at the Brookdale Medical Center PGY II (CA-I)-PGY IV (CA-III). She is Board Certified by the American Board of Anesthesiology since 1998 and American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine since 2002. Constance Odom, MD is affiliated with the American Medical Association, American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, American Society of Anesthesiology, Georgia Society of Anesthesiology, Hellenic Medical Society of New York, North Carolina Society of Anesthesiology, and Society of Ambulatory Anesthesia.

Credentials

Medical Director At:

• Nu Image Medical
• MetroMedispa P.A.

Staff Anesthesiologist at:

• Betsy Johnson Regional Hospital in Dunn, NC
• Onslow Memorial Hospital in Jacksonville, NC
• Duplin General Hospital in Kenansville, NC

Director of Anesthesia Services at:

• Jacksonville Surgery Center in Jacksonville, NC

Written by our editorial team.

Last Edited 4 months ago · 4 min read

What is Metformin?

Metformin is a widely prescribed medication primarily used for managing type 2 diabetes. It functions by regulating blood sugar levels, thereby enabling the body to utilize insulin more effectively. This medication is often considered the first line of treatment for type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy and safety profile.

How Does Metformin Work?

Metformin works through multiple mechanisms that collectively help manage blood glucose levels:

1. Reduction of Glucose Absorption: Metformin decreases the amount of glucose absorbed from the intestines, thus lowering the influx of sugar into the bloodstream.

2. Lowering Liver Glucose Production: The drug inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose by the liver. This action helps reduce overall blood sugar levels.

3. Improving Insulin Sensitivity: Metformin enhances the sensitivity of muscle cells and other tissues to insulin, facilitating better glucose uptake and utilization.

Benefits of Metformin

Metformin offers a range of benefits beyond its primary function of blood sugar control. One unique advantage is its potential to aid in weight loss, a significant concern for many individuals with diabetes. Unlike other diabetes medications that may contribute to weight gain, metformin has been shown to help individuals shed pounds while managing their blood sugar levels.

Recent research suggests that metformin may play a role in increasing longevity, particularly for individuals with diabetes and heart disease. While it won't stop the aging process, it can potentially add healthy years to one's life when used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

Metformin's benefits extend beyond diabetes management. Studies have shown that it can effectively treat obesity and metabolic syndrome, even in individuals without diabetes.

Furthermore, metformin is being investigated for its potential to prevent and treat cancer. Research suggests it may reduce the risk of colon polyps and improve outcomes for individuals with prostate cancer.

Emerging evidence suggests that metformin may have a protective effect against dementia in individuals with diabetes. While more research is needed, this finding highlights the potential for metformin to improve cognitive health.

Metformin's versatility and numerous benefits make it an important medication for individuals with diabetes and beyond. Its ability to manage blood sugar, promote weight loss, increase longevity, and potentially prevent or treat other health conditions makes it a valuable tool in healthcare.

Key Points

• Primary Use: Managing type 2 diabetes

• Mechanisms: Reduces glucose absorption, lowers liver glucose production, and improves insulin sensitivity

• Unique Advantage: Potential for weight loss, beneficial for obese individuals with diabetes

Metformin remains a cornerstone in the treatment regimen for type 2 diabetes, offering a multifaceted approach to blood sugar regulation and additional benefits such as weight loss. 

Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice tailored to your specific condition.

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This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The information contained herein is not a substitute for and should never be relied upon for professional medical advice. Always talk to your physician about the risks and benefits of any treatment. Nu Image Medical may not offer the medications or services mentioned in this article.